Модель гідродинамічного руйнування текстильного матеріалу
Вантажиться...
Дата
2025
Назва журналу
Номер ISSN
Назва тому
Видавець
Хмельницький національний університет
Анотація
У статті досліджено механізм гідродинамічного розволокнення текстильних відходів із використанням
кавітаційного впливу. Обґрунтовано неефективність традиційних механічних методів для подрібнення
текстильного матеріалу та показано переваги гідродинамічного підходу у водному середовищі, зокрема з
використанням кавітаційної обробки. На основі аналізу фізико-хімічних процесів розроблено математичну модель,
яка описує проникнення кумулятивного струменя, утвореного при схлопуванні кавітаційної бульбашки, у волокнисту
структуру текстильного матеріалу. Отримано аналітичні рівняння для визначення глибини проникнення струменя,
враховуючи характеристики суспензії, геометричні параметри кавітаційної вставки, а також пластичні
властивості оброблюваного матеріалу. Проведено чисельне моделювання процесу, що дозволило визначити
оптимальні технологічні режими та конструктивні параметри кавітаційного розволокнювача. Встановлено, що
для ефективного руйнування волокнистої структури необхідно дотримуватися діапазону швидкостей струменя
200…1400 м/с та тиску в каналі розволокнювача 0,01…0,35 МПа залежно від товщини текстильного матеріалу
The article investigates the mechanism of hydrodynamic defibering of textile waste using cavitation effects. The inefficiency of traditional mechanical methods for disintegrating textile materials – such as knife mills and rotor-stator systems – is substantiated due to their high energy consumption and limited effectiveness when processing multilayered or heavily worn fabrics. The advantages of the hydrodynamic approach in an aqueous medium are demonstrated, especially through the application of cavitational treatment. This method, due to localized zones of high pressure and temperature generated by collapsing cavitation bubbles, ensures targeted destruction of the fibrous structure and facilitates deeper penetration into the textile mass. A detailed physical and chemical analysis of the cavitation phenomenon led to the development of a mathematical model describing the penetration of the cumulative jet – formed upon the collapse of a cavitation bubble – into the fibrous structure of the textile material. The model takes into account the dynamics of jet formation, the physical properties of the working suspension (including viscosity and density), as well as the geometric parameters of the cavitation insert. Analytical equations were derived to determine the jet’s penetration depth depending on the suspension characteristics, structural properties of the treated textile, and the plastic deformation parameters relevant to the material. Numerical simulation of the process was performed using finite element methods, which made it possible to identify critical technological regimes, deformation thresholds, and optimal operational parameters for effective defibering. The study revealed that effective destruction of the fibrous matrix is achieved when the velocity of the cumulative jet is maintained within the range of 200-1400 m/s, and the pressure inside the defibering channel is kept between 0.01 and 0.35 MPa, depending on the thickness and composition of the textile waste. Based on the obtained results, a set of practical recommendations was proposed for the design and optimization of industrial cavitation-based defibering equipment. These findings may be effectively applied in the development of sustainable textile waste recycling technologies, contributing to resource conservation and reduction of environmental impact
The article investigates the mechanism of hydrodynamic defibering of textile waste using cavitation effects. The inefficiency of traditional mechanical methods for disintegrating textile materials – such as knife mills and rotor-stator systems – is substantiated due to their high energy consumption and limited effectiveness when processing multilayered or heavily worn fabrics. The advantages of the hydrodynamic approach in an aqueous medium are demonstrated, especially through the application of cavitational treatment. This method, due to localized zones of high pressure and temperature generated by collapsing cavitation bubbles, ensures targeted destruction of the fibrous structure and facilitates deeper penetration into the textile mass. A detailed physical and chemical analysis of the cavitation phenomenon led to the development of a mathematical model describing the penetration of the cumulative jet – formed upon the collapse of a cavitation bubble – into the fibrous structure of the textile material. The model takes into account the dynamics of jet formation, the physical properties of the working suspension (including viscosity and density), as well as the geometric parameters of the cavitation insert. Analytical equations were derived to determine the jet’s penetration depth depending on the suspension characteristics, structural properties of the treated textile, and the plastic deformation parameters relevant to the material. Numerical simulation of the process was performed using finite element methods, which made it possible to identify critical technological regimes, deformation thresholds, and optimal operational parameters for effective defibering. The study revealed that effective destruction of the fibrous matrix is achieved when the velocity of the cumulative jet is maintained within the range of 200-1400 m/s, and the pressure inside the defibering channel is kept between 0.01 and 0.35 MPa, depending on the thickness and composition of the textile waste. Based on the obtained results, a set of practical recommendations was proposed for the design and optimization of industrial cavitation-based defibering equipment. These findings may be effectively applied in the development of sustainable textile waste recycling technologies, contributing to resource conservation and reduction of environmental impact
Опис
Ключові слова
відходи, текстиль, руйнування, волокна, гідродинаміка, кавітація, розволокнення, waste, textile, destruction, fibers, hydrodynamics, cavitation, defibering
Бібліографічний опис
Синюк О. Модель гідродинамічного руйнування текстильного матеріалу / О. Синюк, М. Федух, Ю. Юнас // Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University. Technical Sciences. – 2025. – Vol. 349, No. 2. – P. 605-610.