Легкі криптосистеми в телекомунікаційних середовищах IoT і 5G: виклики, архітектури та компроміси безпеки
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Дата
2025-08-28
Назва журналу
Номер ISSN
Назва тому
Видавець
Хмельницький національний університет
Анотація
У статті проведено детальний аналіз архітектури безпеки мереж 5G з акцентом на багаторівневу модель захисту, що охоплює рівні NAS, AS і транспортної безпеки. Розглянуто основні криптографічні алгоритми (AES, ZUC, SNOW 3G), їх характеристики, сфери застосування та енергоефективність в умовах мобільного середовища. Описано ієрархію ключів, яка забезпечує надійністьта локалізацію ризиків у разі компрометації. Представлено перспективи розвитку механізмів захисту з урахуванням зростаючих вимог до Інтернету речей (IoT), квантостійких технологій і віртуалізації мереж.
This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the security architecture in 5G networks, focusing on a multi-layered protection framework that ensures confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity across various communication interfaces. The study examines three primary security layers—Non-Access Stratum (NAS) security, Access Stratum (AS) security, and transport security—highlighting their specific roles in safeguarding signaling, radio channels, and interactions between network components, respectively. Key cryptographic algorithms standardized in 5G, including AES, ZUC, and SNOW 3G, are analyzed in terms of their encryption and integrity verification capabilities, computational efficiency, and suitability for various deployment scenarios such as mobile broadband, IoT, and ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC).A detailed examination of the hierarchical key management system reveals the cascading generation of cryptographic keys from a root key securely stored in the user’s USIM and the home network. This structure minimizes risks by isolating potential compromises within localized key subsets, thereby preserving overall system security. The paper also discusses transport-layer protocols such as IPsec, TLS, and DTLS, which protect inter-network communication channels between base stations, user plane functions, and core network elements.Furthermore, the study addresses emerging challenges in 5G security, including the need for enhanced protection mechanisms against evolving threats, integration of quantum-resistant algorithms, and adaptation to virtualization and software-defined networking (SDN) paradigms. The findings offer valuable insights for researchers and industry practitioners aiming tooptimize security solutions while maintaining performance and energy efficiency in next-generation mobile networks.
This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the security architecture in 5G networks, focusing on a multi-layered protection framework that ensures confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity across various communication interfaces. The study examines three primary security layers—Non-Access Stratum (NAS) security, Access Stratum (AS) security, and transport security—highlighting their specific roles in safeguarding signaling, radio channels, and interactions between network components, respectively. Key cryptographic algorithms standardized in 5G, including AES, ZUC, and SNOW 3G, are analyzed in terms of their encryption and integrity verification capabilities, computational efficiency, and suitability for various deployment scenarios such as mobile broadband, IoT, and ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC).A detailed examination of the hierarchical key management system reveals the cascading generation of cryptographic keys from a root key securely stored in the user’s USIM and the home network. This structure minimizes risks by isolating potential compromises within localized key subsets, thereby preserving overall system security. The paper also discusses transport-layer protocols such as IPsec, TLS, and DTLS, which protect inter-network communication channels between base stations, user plane functions, and core network elements.Furthermore, the study addresses emerging challenges in 5G security, including the need for enhanced protection mechanisms against evolving threats, integration of quantum-resistant algorithms, and adaptation to virtualization and software-defined networking (SDN) paradigms. The findings offer valuable insights for researchers and industry practitioners aiming tooptimize security solutions while maintaining performance and energy efficiency in next-generation mobile networks.
Опис
Ключові слова
Інтернет речей (IoT), 5G мережі, легка криптографія, симетричні шифри, протоколи безпеки, атаки, Internet of Things (IoT), 5G networks, lightweight cryptography, symmetric ciphers, security protocols, attacks
Бібліографічний опис
Бойко Ю. Легкі криптосистеми в телекомунікаційних середовищах IoT і 5G: виклики, архітектури та компроміси безпеки / Ю. Бойко, В. Мішан, Д. Явтушенко // Вимірювальна та обчислювальна техніка в технологічних процесах. – 2025. – № 3. – С. 265–275.