Засоби представлення фахових знань з технічних дисциплін
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Дата
2015
Автори
Герніченко, Іван Іванович
Gernichenko, І.I.
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Видавець
Глухівський національний педагогічний університет імені Олександра Довженка
Анотація
В статті автором розглянуто проблему представлення знань про предметну галузь технічних дисципліни. У результаті аналізу існуючих засобів навчання і ментальних моделей репрезентації знань у якості адекватної основи для розробки засобів подання змісту навчального матеріалу технічних дисциплін запропоновано використовувати ієрархічні мережеві моделі, що надають можливість представляти знання про предметну галузь у предметній і структурованій формі.
The problem of presenting knowledge about subject field of technical disciplines has been considered by the author. The contradiction between increasing information scope of subject fields of technical disciplines and limited possibilities of their mastering by students due to existing means of learning determines the need for developing such means of information presenting that would be based on systematic principles of information processing and enable students to master considerable scope information for a limited period of time. The essence of concept “means of learning” that we understand as a material or ideal object used either by teachers or students to master new knowledge has been clarified. It has been found out that main requirements to means of presenting the educational material content of technical disciplines are their generality (universality); psychological nature; using visual methods for presenting knowledge; homogeneity; realizing properties of knowledge activity; the possibility of reflecting structural relations among subject field, projecting knowledge into the system of semantic scales as well as the possibility of multilevel presentations. It has been noted that the forming process of special knowledge about technical disciplines of future engineers-pedagogues is connected with both subject-material and abstract-intellectual activities. This enables the need to develop both material and ideal (unmaterial) means of forming special knowledge about technical disciplines. Among ideal means of learning there are knowledge means (that represent declarative knowledge) and operational (that represent procedural knowledge). The analysis of existing means of presenting knowledge about subject field of technical disciplines has showed that most of them are oriented at representation of either declarative or procedural knowledge, do not fully reveal relations and dependencies among concepts, do not include enough psychological processes and mechanisms of perceiving and processing the information by an individual, do not allow to essentially decrease time spending for mastering large scope of information by students without decreasing the quality of education. The existing means of learning and mental models of knowledge representing as an adequate basis for developing means of presenting educational material content have been analyzed and consequently it has been offered to use hierarchic net models that enable presenting knowledge about subject field in both subject and structural forms.
The problem of presenting knowledge about subject field of technical disciplines has been considered by the author. The contradiction between increasing information scope of subject fields of technical disciplines and limited possibilities of their mastering by students due to existing means of learning determines the need for developing such means of information presenting that would be based on systematic principles of information processing and enable students to master considerable scope information for a limited period of time. The essence of concept “means of learning” that we understand as a material or ideal object used either by teachers or students to master new knowledge has been clarified. It has been found out that main requirements to means of presenting the educational material content of technical disciplines are their generality (universality); psychological nature; using visual methods for presenting knowledge; homogeneity; realizing properties of knowledge activity; the possibility of reflecting structural relations among subject field, projecting knowledge into the system of semantic scales as well as the possibility of multilevel presentations. It has been noted that the forming process of special knowledge about technical disciplines of future engineers-pedagogues is connected with both subject-material and abstract-intellectual activities. This enables the need to develop both material and ideal (unmaterial) means of forming special knowledge about technical disciplines. Among ideal means of learning there are knowledge means (that represent declarative knowledge) and operational (that represent procedural knowledge). The analysis of existing means of presenting knowledge about subject field of technical disciplines has showed that most of them are oriented at representation of either declarative or procedural knowledge, do not fully reveal relations and dependencies among concepts, do not include enough psychological processes and mechanisms of perceiving and processing the information by an individual, do not allow to essentially decrease time spending for mastering large scope of information by students without decreasing the quality of education. The existing means of learning and mental models of knowledge representing as an adequate basis for developing means of presenting educational material content have been analyzed and consequently it has been offered to use hierarchic net models that enable presenting knowledge about subject field in both subject and structural forms.
Опис
Ключові слова
представлення знань, засоби навчання, декларативні знання, ментальні моделі репрезентації знань, операційні знання, ієрархічні мережеві моделі, presenting knowledge, means of learning, declarative knowledge, procedural knowledge, mental models of knowledge representing, hierarchic net models
Бібліографічний опис
Герніченко І. І. Засоби представлення фахових знань з технічних дисциплін / І. І. Герніченко // Вісник Глухівського національного педагогічного університету імені Олександра Довженка. Серія : Педагогічні науки : зб. наук. пр. / Глухів. нац. пед. ун-т ім. Олександра Довженка ; редкол. : О. І. Курок (відп. ред.) [та ін.]. – Глухів : РВВ Глухівського НПУ ім. О. Довженка, 2015. – Вип. 29. – С. 199-206.