Психокультурні фактори та їх вплив на якість професійного спілкування у полікультурному середовищі
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Дата
2014-05
Автори
Пілішек, Світлана Олександрівна
Pilishek, S.O.
Назва журналу
Номер ISSN
Назва тому
Видавець
Національна академія Державної прикордонної служби України імені Богдана Хмельницького
Анотація
У даній статті розглядається явище психокультурних факторів та їх вплив на ефективність професійного спілкування у полікультурному середовищі. Зазначається, що окрім володіння лексично-граматичними знаннями мови та соціокультурною компетенцією, існують нелінгвістичні бар’єри, до яких можна віднести соціальні, культурні, психологічні та ін. фактори, а саме: етноцентризм, упередження, стереотипи та культурну адаптацію. Автор розглядає механізми як позитивного, так і негативного впливу кожного із виокремлених психофакторів на якість професійного спілкування у полікультурному середовищі.
Th e article deals with the issue of psychocultural factors and their infl uence on the process of professional communication within polycultural group. In the given paper the author outlines the defi nitions of such notions as professional communication within polycultural group and psychocultural factors as well as lists the factors and educational components (e.g. lexical and grammatical knowledge of the foreign language, social cultural competence, etc.) contributing into the eff ectiveness of this kind of communication. However, the author also stresses out that despite positive eff ect the possession of the mentioned above knowledge has here also exist some non-linguistic barriers which are social, cultural and psychological ones combined. It has been identifi ed that the eff ectiveness of professional communication within polycultural group is aff ected by a certain set of both positive and negative conditions, e.g. strong personality, communicative skills, tolerance, stress, lack of non-verbal communication skills, etc. While giving defi nition to psychocultural factors the author suggests detailed information on mechanisms of both positive and negative aff ect of each of them: ethnocentrism, prejudice, stereotypes and cultural adaptation. Ethnocentrism has been identifi ed as one of the biggest psychological factors infl uencing the process of polycultural professional communication with both positive and negative eff ects. Ethnocentrism is fed by the cultural experience of a personality that is obtained when communicating with the representatives of the native cultural group and is applied by the personality for interpreting and evaluating the behaviour of the representatives of other cultural groups. Being natural and inevitable, ethnocentrism is mostly a negative psychocultural factor. Next, the author considers ethnocentrism to be strongly intertwined with prejudice. Prejudice has been viewed as the same natural and inevitable, but variable process compared to ethnocentrism. It has also been mentioned that prejudice towards the representatives of other cultural groups is usually formed in the process of communication within native cultural groups (e.g. family, academic surrounding, local mass media, etc.) and makes communication with non-native cultural groups stressful and inconvenient. Th e third psychofactor infl uencing the eff ectiveness of professional communication within polycultural group is stereotypes. Th is is a factor that coordinates the personality’s attitude to the representatives of other cultural groups while communicating with a single one representative of a particular group. Th e author also mentions that the more complicated the categories of stereotypes are, the more these categories positively contribute into the eff ectiveness of professional communication within polycultural group. Finally, the author discusses the operation mechanism of cultural adaptation which in author’s opinion should be included into the group of psychofactors aff ecting the quality of intercultural professional communication. It has also been assumed that the infl uence of the psychocultural factors can either fade in or fade out depending on the individual psychological qualities of the personality.
Th e article deals with the issue of psychocultural factors and their infl uence on the process of professional communication within polycultural group. In the given paper the author outlines the defi nitions of such notions as professional communication within polycultural group and psychocultural factors as well as lists the factors and educational components (e.g. lexical and grammatical knowledge of the foreign language, social cultural competence, etc.) contributing into the eff ectiveness of this kind of communication. However, the author also stresses out that despite positive eff ect the possession of the mentioned above knowledge has here also exist some non-linguistic barriers which are social, cultural and psychological ones combined. It has been identifi ed that the eff ectiveness of professional communication within polycultural group is aff ected by a certain set of both positive and negative conditions, e.g. strong personality, communicative skills, tolerance, stress, lack of non-verbal communication skills, etc. While giving defi nition to psychocultural factors the author suggests detailed information on mechanisms of both positive and negative aff ect of each of them: ethnocentrism, prejudice, stereotypes and cultural adaptation. Ethnocentrism has been identifi ed as one of the biggest psychological factors infl uencing the process of polycultural professional communication with both positive and negative eff ects. Ethnocentrism is fed by the cultural experience of a personality that is obtained when communicating with the representatives of the native cultural group and is applied by the personality for interpreting and evaluating the behaviour of the representatives of other cultural groups. Being natural and inevitable, ethnocentrism is mostly a negative psychocultural factor. Next, the author considers ethnocentrism to be strongly intertwined with prejudice. Prejudice has been viewed as the same natural and inevitable, but variable process compared to ethnocentrism. It has also been mentioned that prejudice towards the representatives of other cultural groups is usually formed in the process of communication within native cultural groups (e.g. family, academic surrounding, local mass media, etc.) and makes communication with non-native cultural groups stressful and inconvenient. Th e third psychofactor infl uencing the eff ectiveness of professional communication within polycultural group is stereotypes. Th is is a factor that coordinates the personality’s attitude to the representatives of other cultural groups while communicating with a single one representative of a particular group. Th e author also mentions that the more complicated the categories of stereotypes are, the more these categories positively contribute into the eff ectiveness of professional communication within polycultural group. Finally, the author discusses the operation mechanism of cultural adaptation which in author’s opinion should be included into the group of psychofactors aff ecting the quality of intercultural professional communication. It has also been assumed that the infl uence of the psychocultural factors can either fade in or fade out depending on the individual psychological qualities of the personality.
Опис
Ключові слова
професійне спілкування, полікультурна група, психокульттурні фактори, етноцентризм, упередження, стереотипи, культурна адаптація, соціокультурна компетенція, профессиональное общение, поликультурная группа, психокультурные факторы, этноцентризм, предубеждение, стереотипы, культурная адаптация, социокультурная компетенция, professional communication, polycultural group, psychocultural factors, ethnocentrism, prejudice, stereotypes, cultural adaptation, social cultural competence
Бібліографічний опис
Пілішек С. О. Психокультурні фактори та їх вплив на якість професійного спілкування у полікультурному середовищі / С. О. Пілішек // Збірник наукових праць Національної академії Державної прикордонної служби України. Сер. : Педагогічні та психологічні науки. - Хмельницький : Вид-во НАДПСУ, 2014. - № 2. - С. 312-324.